Boulder: The Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO Paul BK, Stimers MJ (2011) Tornado warnings and tornado fatalities: the case of tornado in Joplin, Missouri. Paul BK, Dutt S (2010) Hazard warnings and responses to evacuation orders: the case of Bangladesh’s Cyclone Sidr. Paul BK (2011) Environmental hazards and disasters: contexts, perspectives and management. Pattan A (2003) Grassroots homeland security. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (2011) NWS Central Region service assessment: Joplin, Missouri, Tornado-May 22, 2011. The Kansas City Star, Kansas City, 15 May, A1 and A4 Murphy K, Sherry M (2003) After devastation come the lessons: safe homebuilding again in FEMA spotlight. Klockow K (2011) Investigation of individual spatial awareness relating to response during the Aptornado outbreak. Joplin, Missouri (MO) Profile (2011) Joplin, Missouri-main profile. Joplin Globe (2011b) Following May 22, how can homeowners protect themselves for the next one? June 26 Joplin Globe (2011a) Authorities fear death toll could eclipse 100. Soc Sci Q 84:242–261ĭaley WR, Brown S, Archer P, Kruger E, Jordan F, Batts D, Mallonee S (2005) Risk of tornado-related death and injury in Oklahoma, May 3, 1999. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:2301–2306Ĭutter SL, Boruff BJ, Shirley WL (2003) Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Decis Sci 23:221–234Ĭutter SL, Finch C (2008) Temporal and spatial changes to social vulnerability to natural hazards. Boulder: The Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, COĬurrent J, O’Kelly M (1992) Locating emergency warning sirens. Weather Clim Soc 2:190–199Ĭhaney PL, Weaver GS, Youngblood S, Pitts K (2012) Mobile home resident preparedness and response to tornado warnings: the 27 April 2011 disasters in Dekalb County, Alabama. Weather Forecast 17:343–353Ĭhaney PL, Weaver GS (2010) The vulnerability of mobile home residents in tornado disasters: the 2008 super Tuesday tornado in Macon County, Tennessee. Weather Forecast 17:354–361īrown S, Archer P, Kruger E, Mallonee S (2002) Tornado-related deaths and injuries in Oklahoma due to the tornados. Int J Epidemiol 24:144īrooks HE, Doswell CA III (2002) Deaths in the Oklahoma City Tornado from a historical perspective. Disasters 24:71–77īrenner SA, Noji EK (1995) Tornado injuries as related to housing in the Plainfield Tornado. Weather Forecast 22:1214–1228īalluz L, Schieve L, Holmes T, Kiezak S, Malilay J (2000) Predictors for people’s response to a tornado warning: Arkansas, 1 March 1997. Several recommendations are offered, the implementation of which should reduce future tornado fatalities not only in Joplin, but elsewhere in the United States.Īshley WS (2007) Spatial and temporal analysis of tornado fatalities in the United States: 1880–2005. Questionnaire surveys administered among tornado survivors and informal discussions with emergency management personnel and others suggest that five reasons are associated with the high number of tornado fatalities experienced in Joplin: (1) the sheer magnitude of this event (2) its path through commercial and densely populated residential areas (3) the relatively large size of damage area (4) the physical characteristics of affected homes in Joplin and (5) the fact that some residents ignored tornado warnings. This study explores the reasons for the high number of fatalities caused by the 2011 Joplin tornado. The record number of deaths caused by the single tornado in Joplin was far higher than the average annual number of US tornado deaths over the last three decades. This tornado stands as the deadliest single tornado to hit the United States since modern recordkeeping began in 1950, surpassing the tornado of 8 June 1953 that claimed 116 lives in Flint, Michigan. On the evening of, an EF-5 tornado tore a path six miles long across Joplin, Missouri, USA, killing 162 people as it passed through the heart of the city.
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